Private Prisons in Texas Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Private Prisons in Texas - Research Paper Example The point of the making of private jails has been to make a benefit by private substances through the assuming control over the assignments of convict recovery that were directed by the administration. While this has been the situation, the reality remains that there has been a ton of worry about the moving of lawful discipline from the general population to the private area, the rationale being that administrations, being responsible to people in general, are progressively worried about the government assistance of those detained than private foundations, which have no genuine interests in the prisoners aside from the financial advantages that they get. In this manner, the worries raised depend on the way that private jails might be remiss in their foundation of a rectifications framework that is compelling when contrasted with government held detainment facilities, which have such certifications. Private detainment facilities in the territory of Texas have been reprimanded to be bu siness organizations whose fundamental point is to guarantee that they augment their benefits, since their driving motivation is to get however much cash-flow as could be expected. A lot of incredulity in such penitentiaries have been raised due to the way that detainment facilities have now become benefit yielding foundations through the detaining of people discovered carrying out wrongdoings and condemned. In spite of the worries that have been raised above about the foundation of private detainment facilities, the administration of Texas has kept on being unyielding that private organizations can run penitentiaries just as the administration itself and that there is no compelling reason to stress over these institutions’ making a terrible showing. The territory of Texas has endeavored to assign the elements of discipline to privately owned businesses with the aim of mitigating itself of the weight, yet in addition guaranteeing that these organizations stay responsible to t he general population. While this has been the situation, there has built up the need to guarantee that these private elements are without a doubt playing out the capacities that have been assigned to them with as much tirelessness as would have the government.1 This has made a circumstance where studies must be led so it very well may be set up how the legally binding connection between private detainment facilities and the administration, identifying with how the arrangement, upkeep and different parts of the penitentiaries are worked out between them. When managing the arrangement, the desires for the private foundation just as those of the administration concerning what the prison’s the executives will require are thought of so it is known how the jail will be created just as how it will be staffed. The support of the jail has been laid out as the illicit relationships which will be engaged with the day by day running of the jail just as the foundation of the meanings of how the detainees will identify with one another just as how they will relate with the individuals from the jail staff.2 When one thinks about risk in private penitentiaries, it fundamentally manages the disappointment of the gatherings in question, either the legislature or the private element, to satisfy their commitments as expressed in the agreement among them and the outcomes that are probably going to follow. Through the request of these commitments, it turns into a commitment for both the legislature and the private substances running the jail to guarantee that there is responsibility to people in general simultaneously. Along these lines, responsibility can be authorized, whereby there is the insurance of the different social gatherings inside the

Timeline of U.S. and Soviet Relations

Is it possible to imagine nationalism without the nation

Presentation After the finish of the Second World War, populaces amassed inside their countries with extraordinary any expectation of building up their nations of origin, which had experienced devastation following the outcome of the war. Resettlement and relocation exercises were a piece of the occasions that denoted the World War II with amazing states practicing slave exchange that dislodged social networks to frame blended states.Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on Is it conceivable to envision patriotism without the country? explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Nation-building began quickly and the world exponentially began forming into remarkable world structures described by globalization. Latin American, Europe, and Asian countries have been truly the forerunners of battling for patriotism, however very ineffective, after moral and strict divisions that have demonstrated basic issues throughout the years. Patriotism can be comprehended as the origination that a general public, state, or country is the regular political and social appearance of the cutting edge world. Little writing influences country state and patriotism, subsequently the poor comprehension or misconception encompassing this idea. This articles along these lines tries to look at whether it is conceivable to envision patriotism without the country. Which means of the two phrasings Nationalism has become an immense field of study, talk, and one of the all inclusive questionable ideas with examines looking to explain the comprehension of the idea to decrease the increasing wrath of disarray (Wimmer Schiller 2002). Considering the idea of patriotism is getting fundamental in understanding world legislative issues. The chronicled advancement of the thought of patriotism streams from the antiquated governmental issues that saw the emotional rise of the French Revolution of 1789 that denoted the arrangement of the principal ‘nation-state’ (Spr uyt 2002). It was during this second patriotism, as a worldwide idea, turned into an influential thought, along these lines changing the European states into ascending towards patriotism and administering through Napoleonic guidelines. Patriotism, in its most straightforward terms, can be communicated as a craving of residents of a country to build up and keep up an independent political part. As indicated by Tishkov (2000), patriotism by and large alludes to the statement of faith and instinct gushing from the political doctrine that portrays the disposition of people over their distinguishing proof and relationship with a specific country. A country Latin America has been the most eminent oddity in the background of patriotism and subsequently the term country itself. The word country originated from the Latin and when it was first presented, it obviously exhibited the possibility of basic blood holding. From the contemporary writing as clarified by Lowrance (2012), â€Å"a count ry alludes to a gathering of individuals thought to share a typical history, culture or a few parts of identity† (p. 85).Advertising Looking for exposition on political theories? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More A country involves people or patriots mostly installed by transnational limits and guided by certain political standards, legal systems, and certain strict feelings, however with unmistakable racial, social, and ethnical foundations. Characterizing a country in this way turns into a going up against issue, particularly considering the socio-ethnical measurements and political frameworks that at last lead to recognizing patriotism in alternate points of view, including community patriotism and ethnonationalism (Connor 1978). With a few racial and ethnical measurements, a country would thus be able to mean a network or people living under guaranteed transnational limits limited by certain legal and political stan dards. Bind in association between the wordings Tracing the history and improvement of the idea of patriotism and its setting inside countries and states have never demonstrated testing as discovering its suitable definition and its association with the state or country. An unremitting situation exists over the idea of patriotism and its relationship with a country or state, as patriots themselves inside nations contrast eccentrically and the inquiry is whether there is any reliance. In spite of spilling from Western countries with the French Revolution making the start of country state governmental issues that patriotism connotes various countries, including the European states and Latin American countries themselves, have neglected to accomplish patriotism. Mill operator (2006) insists, â€Å"Lacking the etymological and ethnic differentiations usually connected with national personalities in Europe or Asia, coming up short on a safe procedure of state union, and lacking, as well , the financial accomplishment of the United States and Canada† (p.201).Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on Is it conceivable to envision patriotism without the country? explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More A country must be recognized best from its limit, yet not from conduct of its kin, as it is ordinary that a country includes people with various ethnical and racial foundations. Inquires about consider the part of patriotism and country as one of the most testing, particularly when people look to distinguish the association winning in the two wordings. As hypothesized by Connor (1978), â€Å"far progressively adverse to the investigation of patriotism, nonetheless, has been the success to utilize the term country as a substitute for that regional juridical unit, the state† (p. 381). How the act of trading the two phrasings created throughout the years is as yet questionable, yet the French Revolution and the West governmental issues o f the seventeenth century can give a significant foundation. Early writing is essential in seeing how patriotism step by step created, including the wording ‘nation’ as a regional juridical unit for any state. As verified by Connor (1978), the writing and speculations examined by works of the early men incorporating Locke are indispensable in the conversation of patriotism as they generally recognized individuals as the trailblazers of political force, henceforth making the state and individuals nearly something very similar. Maybe the increasing mental entanglement and disappointment concerning political practice and hypothesis identifying with the act of a country and patriotism, comprehensive of general and contemporary investigations of patriotism, is making it much all the more testing to comprehend the country state belief system. As substantiated by Tishkov (2000), a country is ceaselessly turning into a ground-breaking image in which two types of social collusio ns known as nation (the state) and ethnic unit (the individuals) are defying to have as their first class property.Advertising Searching for article on political theories? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More The inquiry that keeps on waiting across scholars’ minds is whether a country is the topographical limits that separate one state from another or the individuals and the standards, culture, and conviction they consider in their life rehearses. Patriotism is one’s recognition or origination that he/she has a place with a specific country and now, the issue of enthusiasm gets basic while thinking about whether patriot can win without a country (Miller 2006). The idea that patriotism needs to start things out before a country will likewise stay easily proven wrong. Would nationalism be able to exist without a country? From the conviction that a country state exists when people approach and with foreseen solidarity, bind together their country through country assembling, the subject of whether patriotism can win without a country continues (Kuzio 2002). The battle to assemble a country state has consistently been in presence with designers and forerunners of the patriotism idea attempting to accomplish this vision however continually winding up with apprehension. This statement holds as the messianic patriots have never accepted that people are fit for joining their country in any conceivable manner (Spruyt 2002). Any country attempting to accomplish patriotism through country building, including those that view themselves as fairly administered, have consistently endured a huge blow towards accomplishing a country state status. Country state keeps on being applied aimlessly to all countries inside ethicised political frameworks occurring each progressive system. Brubaker (2004) takes note of that in certain unique circumstances, â€Å"the network envisioned as patriots to a specific country neglect to match with the regional viewpoints and populace of the state† (p.119). Building a country needs patriots A country is, as expressed previously, a geopolitical territory that involves people or patriots mostly inserted by transnational limits and guided by certain political standards, legal structures, and certain strict feelings, yet with particular racial, social, and ethnical foundations (Wimmer Schiller 2002). In any case, patriots or individuals inside a country from a basic premise of the ethnic piece and not the geological limit, which is as yet muddled to many. Country building is endeavors of patriots to connect agreeably in exercises that advance unbiasedness, equity, and harmony inside their country (Connor 1978). Arrangement of laws, administration of individuals, and network assembling that bring about reinforced nationhood is reachable through commitments of patriots through the procedure of civilisation. The fact past this attestation is that a country involves individuals and building it requires genuine loyalists or patriot, which are all people still. A country damaged with socio-political and ethnic predisposition will get potential difficulties when battling to manufacture a country state. In an offer to appreciate equivalent state right

Easy Maple Syrup Crystals For Kids

Simple Maple Syrup Crystals For Kids Making maple syrup precious stones is a great task for kids. Its extraordinary for grown-ups, as well, since the maple syrup precious stones might be utilized as a delightful sugar in drinks or different treats. Maple syrup gems have a more intricate flavor than sugar precious stones or rock treats. Heres how to make the precious stones. Strategy 1 Warmth a cup of unadulterated maple syrup in a dish over medium heat.Stir and warmth the syrup until it begins to thicken or you begin to see precious stones shaping on the base or side of the pan.Pour the syrup onto a chilled plate and permit the syrup to take shape. In the event that you pour the syrup onto a dull hued plate, it will be simpler to watch the precious stones structure. Strategy 2 Spread a preparing sheet or shallow dish with a layer of water. You just need around 1/4 inch of water. Freeze the dish to make ice.Heat a cup of unadulterated maple syrup in a container over medium heat.Heat the syrup, mixing continually, until it has a thick consistency. Expel the skillet from heat.Remove the dish of ice from the cooler. Drop spoonfuls of the hot syrup onto the ice. The abrupt temperature change will make precious stones structure in practically no time.

Strategic Management Example

Key Management Example Key Management †Coursework Example Key MANAGEMENT Cost Leadership Strategies Cost authority involves normalization by diminishing expenses. Then again, Strategic administration improves ease creation for given degrees of value since the minimal effort initiative targets expansive markets (Peny 2013, p.45). The three essential cost authority methodologies utilized incorporate upper hand system, separation methodology and center procedure in the administration of organizations and associations (Hill, Jones and Schilling 2014, p.33). The article centers around BHP Billiton key report 2014, based the examination of the three cost authority procedures in the administration of BHP Billiton Company. Consequently, in key administration of cost initiative, just uncommon and significant assets can be wellsprings of upper hand (Porter 2010, p.2). In BHP Billiton Company, their capacity to beneficially ship their oil and minerals as important assets fuse their upper hand system under cost administration. Plus, oil and minerals fr om BHP Billiton Company are uncommon and valuable assets that empower normalization of costs subsequently consolidating upper hand in cost initiative management. Differentiation methodology involves the improvement of administrations and items that offer remarkable properties (Barney 2001, p.41). The advancement of administrations and yields takes into consideration cost authority by controlling expenses of merchandise and enterprises. In BHP Billiton Company, improvement of merchandise and ventures is through dissemination and selling of items with guideline of monetary dangers related with income in Market. In this manner, separation is a type of cost authority that aids the offer of items and administrations in the market Additionally, center procedure limits around a specific fragment of cost initiative to accomplish cost separation and bit of leeway (Hitt, Ireland and Hoskisson 2014, p.22). Moreover, the necessities of a gathering or organization become better by concentrating altogether on a specific portion in overseeing cost authority methodology in the administration of organizations or gatherings. BHP Billiton Company centers around progress of efficiency over all parts of their organizations, subsequently empowering them to accomplish cost focal points and separation in the market.BibliographyBarney, J. B 2001, Is The Resource-Based â€Å"View† A Useful Perspective For Strategic Management Research? Truly, Academy Of Management Review, 26, 1, pp.41-56. Slope, C., Jones, G., and Schilling, M 2014, Strategic Management: Theory: An Integrated Approach, Stamford, CT: Cengage Learning. Hitt., M., Ireland, D., R, and Hoskisson., R 2014, Strategic Management: Concepts: Competitiveness And Globalization, Stamford, CT: Cengage Learning.Peny, M 2013, Global Strategy, Stamford, CT: Cengage Learning.Porter, M.,E. 2010, Competitive Strategy: Techniques for Analyzing Industries and Competitors, Quick MBA, Internet Center for Management and Business Adminis tration, Inc.

Topic For A Persuasive Essay

Topic For A Persuasive EssayFor a persuasive essay, it is important to have topics that are important to you. You should keep in mind that your topic is the backbone of the entire essay. Without a clear topic, you will find yourself searching for words to convey your message. If this is something that bothers you are unsure about, consider the following.First, try to figure out what you would like to communicate and then look at the main theme of the paper. Remember, no one is going to read a paper that does not contain a focus of interest. A good example would be if you wanted to write about the death of a family member.If you are not sure where to start, think about the deaths of some of your friends or family members. Remember that these are people that you care about so if you are able to use their death as a topic for a persuasive essay, then this is the best place to start.After you have decided on the topics for a persuasive essay, find out if there are any papers dealing with similar topics and see if you can find any death related articles for a refresher. Once you do this, you will be well on your way to creating a killer essay.Now you are ready to write the essay, but you need to know which topics to write about. Start by reading the topics for a persuasive essay that are listed above. This will give you a great idea of what the topic needs to be about.As you read through them, think about how often they have been used and how long ago the articles were written. This will help you visualize the relevance of a topic.Once you have decided on the main topic, you will need to add subtopics. Subtopics are words or phrases that will form the main ideas of the essay. The more specific the subtopics are, the better.For example, subtopics might include an article about a puppy that died. Using this as a subtopic in your essay can help readers understand the main point of the essay and why it matters to you.

The Horror and Waste of War in Owenss Dulce et Decorum Est and Insensibility - Literature Essay Samples

Wilfred Owen utilises poetic techniques to create vivid imagery, expressing the trepidation and squander of war. This is most prominent in the poems ‘Dulce et Decorum Est’ as well as ‘Insensibility’. ‘Dulce et Decorum Est’ disruption of the ode form and violent imagery reveal the inhumane waste and horror of war. ’ Insensibility’ free verse and irregular meter is countered by his pararhyme, those ‘tuneless tendencies’, prevalent in Owen’s poetry. ‘Dulce et Decorum Est’ stanza length is irregular, the first two quatrains of traditional iambic pentameter, which is then discarded like the blind patriotism of the innocent within the horror of war. The visual imagery of the soldiers ‘Bent double, like old beggars under sacks’ graphically generates images of a suffering beyond recognition for the young soldiers are ‘Knock-kneed, coughing like hags’ and ‘cursed’ replaces a simpler verb to create the image of the unworldly. The soldiers that ironically limped away from the ‘Haunting flares’ of the front line, towards a ‘distant rest’ are so metaphorically ‘drunk with fatigue’ that they are impervious to the peril of the ‘Five-Nines that dropped behind’. As they limp away from the battlefield, alliteration and emotive language is used to mimic the distressful journey of the soldiers. They are revealed as men only after the visual im age of reduced humanity is conveyed, ‘lame, blind, drunk, ‘deaf’ even to the bombs. The image of the ‘haunting flares’ foreshadow the human haunting in the couplet that is given visual emphasis in form. Evidently , Owen’s use of poetic form and language techniques expresses the ideas of horror and the waste of war. In the sestet, in an explosion that discards the traditional convention of iambic pentameter, the reader is now participatory in the repetitive cry and command that leads to an panicked ‘ecstasy of fumbling’ that reconnects the innocent ignorance of the soldiers who are now reduced to ‘boys’. The death of the soldier is seen ‘Dim through the misty panes and the thick green light’, and as the metaphoric imagery suggests, Owen sees this in his dreams in a turning couplet that alters pace and tone. The broken sonnet form and the irregularity reinforce the feeling of a dreary otherworldliness and in the couplet comes the nightmare conveyed through the present participles ‘guttering, choking, drowning’, foreshadowed by those of an innocent disarmed, for the ‘fumbling, ‘stumbling’ and ‘floundering’ of the sestet suggests a toddler’s wild dance as they learn to walk. This scene haunts the narrators sleep indefinitely thereafter. Evidently, through poetic form, Wilfred Owen creates vivid imagery that expresses the horror and waste of war, manifested through the broken sonnet form, the nara In the first sonnet, Owen refers to the action in the present, placing himself in the same position as fellow soldiers as they labour through the sludge of the battlefield, while in the second he narrates the scene almost dazed and contemplative. Owen’s third stanza confronts the viewers, with the anaphoric ‘If’, the change to second person, declarative that directly urges the reader to contemplate the imagery and the simile that graphically conveys in a biblical allusion even the devil’s distaste at the horror, ‘His hanging face, like a devil’s sick of sin’. The reader is taken into the madness with the onomatopoeic ‘gargling from the froth-corrupted lungs’ and in an image from Futility written a month prior, the soldiers are likened to cattle, embittered by the ‘cud of vile, incurable sores innocent tongues’. Owen ensures the reader is tasked with not only the nauseating sight of a face ravaged in pain, but also the disturbing sound and obnoxious taste of gratuitously endured agony. The complicit reader therefore is tasked with the ‘cud’. Owen hearkens back to the tradition of history and disrupts it, naming it as ‘The old Lie that a lludes to the lie being one told by elders. Evidently, Owen’s poetic form and vivid imagery to provoke and express the horror and waste of war. ‘Insensibility’ by Wilfred Owen expresses the concepts of the horror and waste of war through its structure and language. The poem’s beauty is in its stark dismantling of the patriotic honour of war. The soldiers, called as a divine instrument by the churches and governments of England, are now ciphers, devoid of humanity in order to survive the wasted carnage and savagery of war. It is a poem which ironically presents those who are reduced to Owen begins by saying, through a metaphor, that the soldiers are happier when they are able to desensitize themselves to the war, ‘Can let their veins run cold’. They must not allow themselves to feel any human warmth. Also, the soldiers are given the mission as just ‘gaps for filling’ and therefore their life has little value, conveying a pitiful representation of mankind. Soldiers are dehumanised, shell shocked and stunned by cannons, enough to ‘laugh among the dying’. Metaphors and symbolism in Insensibility create graphic images that convey to the reader the horror and waste of war. In the poem, there is a moving metaphor, half hidden as a form of reality, at the end of stanza 4. Here the ‘wise’ observers of war, the naive youth untouched by war, who ‘never trained’, can easily forget while they sing ‘along the march’, that the soldier’s experience, their ‘relentless’ move from ‘larger’ to ‘huger’. ‘Which we march taciturn, because of dusk, The long, forlorn, relentless trend From larger day to huger night’ Owen symbolises a more final movement: the march from life to death, innocence to inhuman, complicit ‘dullards’ to inhumane who ‘By choicemade themselves immune to pity and whatever mournes in man’. Owen conveys men as the metaphorical walking dead, unaccompanied by sensibility. They have reached a stage where ‘dullness best solves’ the physical and psychological attack of war. Also the use of the enjambment gives fluidity to his writing, which evokes the concept that as the men march along, the narrator contemplates the realities of what the men will be forced to become. Owen effectively provokes the horror and waste of war, through the numerals indicating each stanza in a removal of the beauty of poetic form, like the removal of the beauteous human form in war.With the poem being predominantly focused on the notion of hopelessness, the ‘eternal reciprocity of tears’ creates a visually graphic image about the horror of war, suggest ing that the living will exchange tears with the dead forever. In conclusion, Owen’s poems ‘Dulce et Decorum Est’ and ‘Insensibility’, use a compelling poetic form that, through the disruption of traditional structures and a dramatic imagery created foremostly by diction, tell of the trepidation, the cursed horror and unjustified squander of war.

Getting Started With Student Portfolios

There are many wonderful benefits to having students create portfolios--one is the enhancement of critical thinking skills which results from the need for students to develop evaluation criteria. You can also use this criteria to evaluate their work and engage in self-reflection about their progress. Additionally, students are pleased to observe their personal growth, they tend to  have better attitudes toward their work, and they are more likely to think of themselves as writers. The payoff for using portfolios becomes concrete when students discover they can earn college credit and, in some cases, skip a freshman writing class by creating a top notch writing portfolio while they are still in high school.    Before proceeding with assigning a portfolio, familiarize yourself with the rules and credit requirements for such a project. Theres little point to requiring this work from students if theyre not properly credited or dont understand the assignment.   Working Student Portfolio A working portfolio, often a simple file folder containing all the students work, is helpful when used in conjunction with the evaluation portfolio; you can start it prior to deciding what youll require in the evaluation portfolio and thus protect work from being lost. Arrangements must be made, however, to store folders in the classroom. Students at all levels generally become proud as they watch their work accumulate--even students who rarely work will be amazed to see five or more assignments that they actually finished. Getting Started With Student Portfolios There are three main factors that go into the development of a student portfolio assessment. First, you must decide on the purpose of your students  portfolios. For example, the portfolios might be used to show student growth, to identify weak spots in student work, and/or to evaluate your own teaching methods. After deciding the purpose of the portfolio, you will need to determine how you are going to grade it. In other words, what would a student need in their portfolio for it to be considered a success and for them to earn a passing grade? The answer to the previous two questions helps form the answer to the third: What should be included in the portfolio? Are you going to have students put in all  of  their work or only certain assignments? Who gets to choose? By answering the above questions, you are able to start student portfolios off on the right foot. A big mistake some teachers make is to just jump into student portfolios without thinking through exactly how they are going to manage them. To help you answer these questions, you might find it helpful to review the Portfolio Planning Checklist and Suggested Portfolio Items for each kind of portfolio students will keep. If done in a focused way, creating student portfolios will be a rewarding experience for both student and teacher.

What Is Network Effects What Are The Other Names For This...

Sonja Wenzel CGS 2301-65046 Instructor Dr. M Chapter 6 What are network effects? What are the other names for this concept? Let me start of with the other names, which are Metcalfe’s Law or Network Externalities. Network effects are the effect that a single person using a good or a service has on the total perceived value of that product or service for others. The more people using the product or service, the higher it s value becomes to the group More users = more value. For example, the larger the group of people with access to a phone, the more valuable the phone will be to the people who use it; and the more people who join a social network like Facebook, the more valuable the site is for the people who are already using it. Three primary sources of value for network effects: 1. Exchange – User can potentially communicate with more individuals 2. Staying Power – Long-term viability 3. Complimentary Benefits – products or services that increase value to the network Those three values adding sources often work together to reinforce one another in a way that makes the network effect even stronger. Why is staying power particularly important to many technology products and services? When users exchanging information it will attract more users, they can also attract firms offering complementary products. When developers of complementary products invest time writing software; and users install, learn, and customize these products; switching costs are created toShow MoreRelatedImpact of Social Media on Relationships Essay1050 Words   |  5 Pagesprogresses and social networking grows. Social networks like Instagram, Twitter, and Facebook have grown to have billions of users. In fact in today’s society, it is necessary or nearly expected to use one if not all of these technological communication networks. The increasing use of social networking has had both a negative and positive effect on communication in relationships. The purpose of this literary analysis is to answer if social networks are helpful or harmful to relationships. As socialRead MoreThe Differences Between Wi Fi And Bluetooth From A Consumer Standpoint1335 Words   |  6 Pages CONTENT Page number 1. What are the major advantages of IPv6 over the version IPv4? 2. What are the likely impacts of Internet2 on business? 3. Discuss the differences between Wi-Fi and Bluetooth from a consumer standpoint. 4. What are the differences in static and dynamic addressing? 5. References QUESTIONS 1. What are the major advantages of IPv6 over the version IPv4? 2. What are the likely impacts of Internet2Read MoreAn Report On An Industrial Control System1280 Words   |  6 Pagesand sewage (Chapple Seidl, 2015, p. 243). The ICSs are an attractive target for an APT because damaging or destroying an ICS can have a crippling effect on a wide region. To counteract the malicious goal of the enemy and protect its resources and weapons, the military often utilizes a Kill Chain, sometimes referred to as a kinetic Kill Chain. The concept of a Kill Chain is best described as a series of steps that involves finding a target, tracking it, and eventually attacking it with the intent toRead MoreThe Basic Concepts Of Urls And Internet Cookies Essay819 Words   |  4 PagesIn this current internet-savvy generation, URL is a fairly common abbreviation which is widely used as a word in itself, without much thought for what it actually stands for or what it is comprised of. In this paper, the basic concepts of URLs and internet Cookies are discussed with f ocus on its importance in Analytics point of view. URL â€Å"URL stands for Uniform Resource Locator, and is used to specify addresses on the World Wide Web. In simple terms, an URL is the fundamental network identificationRead MoreCase Study: Giving and Receiving on Freecycle.Org1525 Words   |  7 Pagesalso know that usefulness can fade, and the pleasure that came from new purchases can be fleeting. Apart from the usual solution to this problem, which is to buy more new items, it’s worth thinking that getting rid of items that are no longer needed or wanted can feel as good as getting it. Freecycle.org has made a name for themselves by doing just that. The concept has worked so well and because of word of mouth, many people want to become more â€Å"eco-friendly†, everyone cares about the environmentRead MoreCostco Wholesale Corporation Inc.720 Words   |  3 PagesCorporation began operations in 1983 in Seattle, Washington. In 1993, it merged with The Price Company -which had pioneered the membership warehouse concep t– and formed Price/Costco, Inc. However, in 1997, the company changed its name to Costco Companies, Inc., and in 1999 after relocating to Issaquah, Washington –where headquarters are located– it adopted the name it is now recognized for: Costco Wholesale Corporation. Its company’s website is www.costco.com, and trades on the NASDAQ under the symbol â€Å"COSTRead MoreEssay on Wan Design776 Words   |  4 PagesCompany Overview In this plan, I will describe the process of creating a WAN for ACME Manufacturing. ACME Manufacturing has six buildings in different locations that need to be on the same network. Headquarters and the other remote locations of ACME Manufacturing share the need for constant communication with each other. Atlanta, Georgia, is the home of ACME manufacturing where they have another building across the street, their engineering facility. The other locations are in Phoenix, ChicagoRead MoreThe Importance Of Building Healthy Relationships At Organizations And Working Adults992 Words   |  4 Pages(Bolino, et al. 2002). Displaying and enabling virtuousness is an important component to this. Individuals identified as virtuous have been shown to be better decision makers (Staw Barsade, 1993), report lower levels of psychological distress, and exhibit less destructive behaviors (Seligman Csikszentmihalyi, 2000)–all serving as critical buffers protecting individuals and organiza tions against the negative effects of the stresses and uncertainties prevalent in our hypercompetitive, contemporary societyRead MoreWhat Are The Five Major Functions That A Load Balancer Performs?1359 Words   |  6 Pagesincrease in processing in coming requests. This seems very simple and conceptual very easy to think about the process; just splitting up the load helps it get done faster. But although this concept may seem simple enough, there are many factors that can add heavy levels of complexity. For example, anyone who has ever managed large groups of people in the Army can attest to that. There are five major functions that a load balancer performs: †¢ Intercepts network-based traffic (such as web traffic) destinedRead MoreMarketing to Develop a Country1275 Words   |  6 Pageswere extending across the waters. In terms of what will be sold, I would look into selling vehicle parts to mechanics and car fanatics such as turbos, struts, rims, car designs, decals, engines, etc. Japanese are some of the biggest names in drifting and racing when it comes to custom made cars and I think this would definitely thrive in this country. With the many different organizations that purchase and place accounts with companies in Japan for this reason, the company would excel and maybe become

Romeo and Juliet - Friar Lawrence Character Analysis

Friar Lawrence is one of the most important characters in the play, Romeo Juliet. He plays a crutial role in the tragic fates of Romeo Juliet. Friar Lawrence is trusted and respected by other characters. The younger characters of the play who can not share their feelings with their parents seek advice from Friar Lawrence. When Romeo confesses his love for Juliet, Friar’s advice is of wisdom of an old man: In Act 2 Scene 3 he tells Romeo that people who rush in make mistakes. â€Å"Wisely and slow. They stumble that run fast.† He brings out solutions to conflicts of Romeo Juliet throughout the play with good intention but with fatal consequences. Althrough Friar finds it dificult to understand Romeo’s†¦show more content†¦Whether someone becomes good or evil depends on the course of life he chooses. Good may be tansformed to evil, and evil may be swept away by good: â€Å" For naught so vile that on the earth doth live. But to the earth some special good doth give, Nor caught so good but strain’d from that fair use , Revolts from true birth, stumbling on abuse, Virtue itself turns vice, being misapplied, And vice sometimes by action dignified.† So Friar agrees to marry Romeo Juliet hoping the good of their love will end the evil of the hatred. This view of Friar leaads his course of actions throuhout the play. All of his well intentioned plans and advices ,- soothing Romeo on his banishment and advising him to go to Mantua, encoraging Romeo to visit Juliet before his departure for Mantua, giving sleep potion to Juliet and planning her escape with Romeo , turn out to prepare the tragic moments of the Play. We can say that these plans are well intentioned to unite Romeo Juliet in the hope that their love will bring peace .However they don’t seem to be well thought, as events take place in an unexpected direction, his plans don’t give the desired results, in fact they become the majà ¶r cause of tragic deaths of Romeo, Juliet and even Paris. He talks about how he made the mistakes which led to deaths of Romeo and Juliet, â€Å" And I here stand both to impeach and purge myself condemned and myself encused.† AlthoughShow MoreRelatedCharacter Analysis on Friar Lawrence in Shakespeare ´s Romeo and Juliet794 Words   |  4 PagesThere are many characters in the play of Romeo and Juliet that have important roles and unique characteristics. One of these characters is Friar Lawrence, a Franciscan monk who is an expert in plants and medicines. While the Friar does not appear in all parts of the play, he acts as an advisor to Romeo and Juliet and gets them married. Being an honest, trustworthy, and loving friend, Friar Lawrence helps keep Romeo and Juliet together while maintaining his character and not acting dual-sided or havingRead More1. Title, author, authors dates, date of first performance, period of play. Title: Romeo and1200 Words   |  5 Pagesauthors dates, date of first performance, period of play. Title: Romeo and Juliet Author: Shakepeare (Born in 1564-died in 1616) First Performance: 1662 Time Period: 1300s 2. Awards, if any, the play has won. Not sure about this, I could only find awards that the movie won. 3. Main characters and their relationship (e.g., in THE BACCHAE by Euripides, Pentheus, the king, is the main character; he is the son of Agaue. Other major characters and their relationships would be noted. Guards, butler—notRead MoreCharacter Analysis of Romeo Essay1903 Words   |  8 PagesCharacter Analysis of Romeo Romeo and Juliet is a tale of two star-crossed lovers who in their love for each other were willing to sacrifice their lives. Romeo is a very temperamental person; his character develops considerably throughout the play in various ways. In this essay I shall be looking closely at Romeo’s character, his intentions abilities and his relationship with other characters in the play. In the conversation between Benvolio and Montague in actRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1490 Words   |  6 PagesIn William Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet, the appellation characters are teenagers who abatement in adulation at aboriginal sight. Undeterred by the abhorrence that exists amid their families, they foolishly ally which sets off an alternation of abrupt accomplishments that advance to their deaths. Both Romeo and Juliet seek the admonition of the adults in their lives, but are met with carelessness according to their own. Shakespeare’s affair that abrupt accomplishments can generally accept adverseRead More Friar Lawrence in William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet Essay2603 Words   |  11 PagesFriar Lawrence of Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet In reading critical analysis of Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet I found that many people call Friar Lawrence a moderate man who elicits to others his voice of wisdom and reason. An example of this sort of conclusion is George Ian Duthies opinion that Lawrence is A very worthy man, prudent and worldly-wise(xix.xx). G.B. Harrison views him as sympathetically treated, wise, grave, patient(6). Due to this continuing interpretationRead MoreRomeo And Juliet Character Analysis747 Words   |  3 PagesWhile secondary characters are undersized compared to the main characters of the play, they often have an eminent impact on the story. In William Shakespeare’s famous tragedy Romeo and Juliet, certain secondary characters influence the decisions made by the two lovers and avail to establish the play’s tragic outcome. This will be conveyed through a detailed analysis of Tybalt, Capulet and Friar Lawrence. Although admirable qualities add to ones life, they can often lead to their death. In ShakespearesRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet2208 Words   |  9 Pages With each new rendition of Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet, a new generation is given that opportunity to connect with one of the greatest tragedies of all time. Although each adaptation had its own unique play on the play, they also provide the occasional twist that make the centuries old story never seem old. From the opening fight scene to the infamous balcony scene even to the final death scene, every adaption provides a different versions of the scenes while still managing to produce the sameRead MoreRomeo And Juliet Personal Evaluation Essay1441 Words   |  6 PagesThere are interesting thematic overlaps between my learning objectives and school site. Ultimately, I’m asking students to understand the motivations of characters who live in conflicting communities. Like some of the characters in Romeo and Juliet, my students traverse the social lines of many communities on a daily basis as they travel to school, interact with students and teachers, participate in extracurriculars, and return to their families. Students need to manage â€Å"transitions between variousRead MoreThe Role of Fate in Romeo and Juliet2091 Words   |  9 Pagesbreakdown in order, or the character of the hero, due to some human limitation. The play Romeo and Juliet has all these typical characteristics. However, the resultant conclusion of events for the characters in this tragedy is adversely affected by the hands of fate, and not solely the product of human limitations. Fate in fact has a decisive role in the events of the play; it is a series of rapid coincidental events, which lead to the final tragedy. Romeo and Juliet are described during the prologueRead MoreThe Role of Fate in Romeo and Juliet2082 Words   |  9 Pagesbreakdown in order, or the character of the hero, due to some human limitation. The play Romeo and Juliet has all these typical characteristics. However, the resultant conclusion of events for the characters in this tragedy is adversely affected by the hands of fate, and not solely the product of human limitations. Fate in fact has a decisive role in the events of the play; it is a series of rapid coincidental events, which lead to the final tragedy. Romeo and Juliet are described during the prologue

Princess Bride Research Paper Essay Example For Students

Princess Bride Research Paper Essay The Princess BrideIn the film, The Princess Bride, directed by Rob Reiner, it all begins with a Grandfather telling the story to his less than enthusiastic Grandson. The story opens in the country of Florin with Buttercup treating her Farm Boy not so well, his name was Wesley, but she never called him that. Very soon she realizes he loves her and she loves him in return. He sets off for America to make his fortune across the sea. She later finds out that he and his ship have been murdered by the Dread Pirate Roberts who never leaves captives alive. Scene: Humperdink castle, Prince Humperdink is announcing his bride-to-be and we find out it is the Princess Buttercup. She does not love him, but he has the right to choose his bride. Next Scene: Buttercup is riding her horse through the forest and comes across three strange looking men: one short, intelligent man (Vizzini), a Spaniard (Inigo), and a giant (Fezzik). They kidnap her and Vizzini reveals that he wants to start a war with the nearby country Guilder by murdering Buttercup and leaving her on the Guilder frontier, even though Inigo and Fezzik are not too happy with the idea they follow their orders. They sail away on a ship, but soon realize they are being followed by a ship that is gaining on them. He also follows them to the Cliffs of Insanity. When they reach the top, Vizzini has Inigo stay behind to kill the man following them (the Man-in-Black) because he (Inigo) is a master swordsman. When the Man-in-Black reaches the top of the cliffs, Inigo reveals he wants revenge on a man with six fingers who killed his father. Inigo and the Man-in-Black find they have a mutual respect for each other, but they must duel and the Man-in-Black wins, but does not k ill Inigo. Vizzini sees that the Man-in-Black is still following them, so he has Fezzik stay behind to kill him. They wrestle and again the Man-in-Black wins, but he does not kill Fezzik. Then he confronts Vizzini, they have a Battle of Wits, and of course the Man-in-Black wins again. From there, he grabs Buttercup and they run off. Meanwhile, Prince Humperdink has been following them with his friend Count Rugen. Back to the running of MIB (Man in Black) and Buttercup: Buttercup believes the MIB is the Dread Pirate Roberts who killed her Wesley, and when he admits he is, she pushes him down a large hill. As he falls, he reveals he is Wesley, so she tumbles down the hill after him. They are reunited at the bottom. They soon realize Humperdink is chasing them, so they are forced to go into the Fire Swamp where no one has ever survived. They enter and Wesley reveals the reason for his absence and that he is the Dread Pirate Roberts. After some adventures in the Fire Swamp, they escape and find that Humperdink is waiting for them. Buttercup agrees to go with him, if he will free Wesley. He agrees but has left instructions with Count Rugen to throw him into The Pit of Despair; Wesley realizes Rugen is the six fingered man for whom Inigo was searching. In the Pit of Despair, Wesley is tortured, and Buttercup has bad dreams; finally she goes to Humperdink and tells him she can not live without Wesley and that she will be dead by morning if she has to marry Humperdink. He agrees to search for Wesley (lying of course); Buttercup eventually realizes this is a lie and maddens Humperdink by calling him a Coward, so he kills Wesley. .uc828f4e73c488c517dc3e5d9c709dbae , .uc828f4e73c488c517dc3e5d9c709dbae .postImageUrl , .uc828f4e73c488c517dc3e5d9c709dbae .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc828f4e73c488c517dc3e5d9c709dbae , .uc828f4e73c488c517dc3e5d9c709dbae:hover , .uc828f4e73c488c517dc3e5d9c709dbae:visited , .uc828f4e73c488c517dc3e5d9c709dbae:active { border:0!important; } .uc828f4e73c488c517dc3e5d9c709dbae .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc828f4e73c488c517dc3e5d9c709dbae { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc828f4e73c488c517dc3e5d9c709dbae:active , .uc828f4e73c488c517dc3e5d9c709dbae:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc828f4e73c488c517dc3e5d9c709dbae .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc828f4e73c488c517dc3e5d9c709dbae .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc828f4e73c488c517dc3e5d9c709dbae .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc828f4e73c488c517dc3e5d9c709dbae .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc828f4e73c488c517dc3e5d9c709dbae:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc828f4e73c488c517dc3e5d9c709dbae .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc828f4e73c488c517dc3e5d9c709dbae .uc828f4e73c488c517dc3e5d9c709dbae-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc828f4e73c488c517dc3e5d9c709dbae:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Life and times of fredrick douglas EssayFezzik and Inigo are re-united and Fezzik has learned about Rugen (the six fingered man). Inigo wants to kill him, but as he has no gift for strategy he tells Fezzik that he needs the MIB to help him. When they go to find him they learn he has been killed, and so they bring his body to Miracle Max (a miracle man). When Miracle Max realizes that he can get back at Humperdink, the man who fired him, by helping Wesley, he gives him a miracle pill to bring him back to life. He warns them to wait for full potency before giving it to him. Fezzik and Inigo go to the castle wall and revive Wesley (the evening of Humperdinks marriage to Butt ercup), but they give him the pill too early and he is left with no strength. He is still able to work out a plan to get into the castle, and they get inside to find Rugen and guards facing them. Inigo utters his famous lines: Hello, my name is Inigo Montoya, you killed my father; prepare to die (speaking to Rugen). Rugen runs away and Inigo chases after him. Meanwhile Buttercup has been married to Humperdink and is depressed that Wesley has not come for her. She tells Humperdinks father that she will kill herself once she has reached the honeymoon suite. Luckily, Wesley has found his way there and so they are again reunited, (but he still has no strength). All the while, Rugen has thrown a knife at Inigo and he is struck in the stomach. Rugen waits to watch him die, but Inigo uses some inner strength and kills Rugen. Back in the Honeymoon suite, Humperdink comes in to find Buttercup and Wesley there. Humperdink challenges: To the death but Wesley counters with To the pain telling him how he will leave Humperdink wallowing in freakish misery forever, Humperdink gives up and they tie him to a chair. Then Inigo, Wesley and Fezzik are all reunited and with Buttercup, they ride off on white horses into the sunset, and Buttercup and Wesley are finally together again. The grandfather then ends the story in reply to his grandsons request to read it again tomorrow with, as you wish, which was found out to mean, I love you. This movie is such a fantastic movie because it includes humor, action, suspense, romance and comedy all in less than two hours. There are two types of people in this world: those who love The Princess Bride and those who have yet to see it. The acting is wonderful. The roles are typecast superbly, and the content has no political statements or current affair ties. The lack of ties will set this movie comfortably for years to come among the favorite of families everywhere. (dehm, Phantome Noire.) On the website, About.com, Ben Miller writes up a college students Must See Movie list. The Princess Bride ranks number twenty-six on that list. Another reason I think this movie is so incredibly wonderful is because it shows that no matter what obstacles two people face in life True Love will always prevail. Works Citedhttp://www.about.comhttp://www.dehm.com/movie/princess.htmlhttp://www.geocities.com/hollywood/boulevard/4355http://www.geocities.com/hollywood/makeup/6353/princessbride.htmlhttp://www.geocities.com/hollywood/mansion/8382/main.htmlhttp://www.tough.net/eempje/princess.htmhttp://www.webring.orgMartin, Mick, and Marsha Porter. Video Movie Guide 1999. New York: Ballantine Books, 1998. The Princess Bride. Dir. Rob Reiner. 20th Century Fox/Nelson Entertainment

Diversification of Energy Sources free essay sample

There are a number of arguments in favor of the diversification of energy sources in Australia. Development based on fossil fuels make the climate changing a more serious problem. According to Harding(2008) industrialized countries have responsibility to recognize renewable energy solutions as a priority and reduce the dependency on fossil-fuel energy, for the reason that the development relianted on fossil fuels has caused climate change issues. Moreover, the diversification of energy sources is environmentally friendly. Wu, etal(2009) assert that a mix of energy sources is needed for a cleaner economy in the future. There are, however, some valid arguments against diversification. First of all, Australian economy will be damaged hardly without fossil fuels. Sinclair(2009, PP. 60-67) asserts that coal is the most economical option to meet the nation’s energy demands, because of the large size and convenient locations of Australia’s main black coal deposits. Secondly, Australia’s coal industry has significant meaning for local economy, measures could be taken to limit the impacts to environment. We will write a custom essay sample on Diversification of Energy Sources or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page According to The Australian Coal Association(2011) new technologies could be developed to dramatically decrease the environmental impacts without abandoning the coal industry which is worth billions of dollars per year. In conclusion, there are important arguments both for and against the case for pursuing diversification of energy sources in Australia. Proponents of the diversification argue that using fossil-fuel energy makes climate changing a more serious problem, while critics claim that technologies could be developed to reduce environmental impacts which caused by fossil fuels. Clearly the benefits of diversification of energy sources outweigh the risks due to its sustainable development. Consequently, Australian government should pay more attention to the diversification of energy sources.

Orton-Gillingham Theory of Teaching Struggling Rea Essays

Orton-Gillingham Theory of Teaching Struggling Readers By Angelica Rojas For Dr. Anne Harvey Ph.D Reading 520 Dyslexia January 24, 2017 In the 1930's neurologist Dr. Samuel T. Orton and educator, psychologist Anna Gillingham developed the Orton-Gillingham approach to reading instruction for students with dyslexia. The theory is structured on the English language and combines multi-sensory techniques that help dyslexic students to read. In addition the approach is also structured, sequential, cumulative, cognitive, and flexible. The program incorporates three learning pathways which are kinesthetic, auditory, and visual. Orton-Gillingham approaches are renowned for helping dyslexic students, but can also help any struggling readers (IMSE). The Orton-Gillingham approach involves the explicit and systematic teaching of language sounds (phonemes) / phonemic awareness. Phonics instruction teaches children the relationships between the letters (graphemes) of written language and the individual sounds (phonemes) of spoken language. Once children recognize the written letters and sounds associated with each letter, this will allow students to recognize words, break words apart and create new words. The key is that students will remember words which will help them learn to read. I would like to think that students are secretly building their "word bank" (lincs.gov). Furthermore, what makes this instructional approach so successful is the one-on-one or small group instruction. This strategy is most effective in helping students achieve reading success. Teachers must first go through a certification program in which they must complete the following: 30 hours of coursework taught by a Fellow of the Academy 50 hours of supervised classroom or group instruction using the Orton-Gillingham Approach, consisting of 40 to 50 minute long lessons over the course of one academic year under the direction of a Fellow 5 observations of complete lessons by the Supervising Fellow (http://www.ortonacademy.org/certification.php). Once the teacher has completed the certification process he/she will be ready to begin a journey in changing many student lives. The Orton-Gillingham approach has been proven to be very successful, that today we have forty plus programs that incorporate the Orton-Gillingham approach. These programs also include an emphasis on phonemic awareness, fluency, and strategies for spelling and comprehension (http://www.dyslexia-reading-well.com/dyslexia-treatment.html). Some of these programs focus on mostly elementary and high school students, but also include adults, and English Language Learners with learning disabilities. The top five programs to help students with dyslexia are: All About Learning Press The Barton Reading Spelling System Language! The Comprehensive Literacy Curriculum The Lexia-Herman Method Read Naturally Orton-Gillingham has the most research of any program to support its approach and has helped millions of students with dyslexia and students with reading disorders. It's instructional approach and well trained instructors sets this program apart from the rest. The Orton-Gillingham approach is always focused on the learning needs of the individual student. This approach is very unique in several facets: Personalized: recognized the students individual needs Multisensory: Students use all learning strands, seeing, hearing, feeling, and motion Diagnostic and Prescriptive: the instructor continuously monitors the verbal, non-verbal, and written responses of the student in order to understand both the student's challenges and progress. Direct Instruction: Teachers teach the what, why, how (what is being taught). Sequential, Incremental, and Cumulative: Learners move from the simple, well-learned material to the more complex, only after mastering each step along the way. (http://www.dyslexia-reading-well.com/orton-gillingham.html#approach) It's unique approach has been proven over and over again that this approach works and can help students with learning disabilities; so much so that many new and more modern programs are formated around the main concepts of this instructional approach. References Dyslexia Training Program. What Works Clearinghouse Intervention Report.. (2017). Eric.ed.gov. Retrieved 25 January 2017, from https://eric.ed.gov/?q=dyslexiapr=onft=onid=ED510640 HVVS, H. (2017). Academy of Orton-Gillingham. Ortonacademy.org. Retrieved 24 January 2017, from http://www.ortonacademy.org/approach.php Lemming, M. (2015). A short monograph on how the Orton-Gillingham method of instruction helps children with dyslexia to learn to read with greater fluency. Language In India., 15.(8), p.100. Retrieved from http://voyager.wnmu.edu:2144/ps/i.do?id=GALE|A430452892v=2.11u=nm_a_wnmuit=rp=AONEsw=wauthCount=1# Orton Gillingham. (2017). Dyslexia Reading Well. Retrieved 25 January 2017, from http://www.dyslexia-reading-well.com/orton-gillingham.html Put Reading First K-3 (phonics) https://lincs.ed.gov/publications/html/prfteachers/reading_first1phonics.html

Battle of Trenton in the American Revolution

Battle of Trenton in the American Revolution The Battle of Trenton was fought December 26, 1776, during the American Revolution (1775-1783). General George Washington commanded 2,400 men against a garrison of about 1,500 Hessian mercenaries under the command of Colonel Johann Rall. Background Having been defeated in the battles for New York City, General George Washington and the remnants of the Continental Army retreated across New Jersey in the late fall of 1776. Vigorously pursued by the British forces under Major General Lord Charles Cornwallis, the American commander sought to gain the protection afforded by the Delaware River. As they retreated, Washington faced a crisis as his battered army began to disintegrate through desertions and expiring enlistments. Crossing the Delaware River into Pennsylvania in early December, he made camp and attempted to reinvigorate his shrinking command. Badly reduced, the Continental Army was poorly supplied and ill-equipped for winter, with many of the men still in summer uniforms or lacking shoes. In a stroke of luck for Washington, General Sir William Howe, the overall British commander, ordered a halt to the pursuit on December 14 and directed his army to enter winter quarters. In doing so, they established a series of outposts across northern New Jersey. Consolidating his forces in Pennsylvania, Washington was reinforced by around 2,700 men on December 20 when two columns, led by Major Generals John Sullivan and Horatio Gates, arrived. Washingtons Plan With the morale of the army and public ebbing, Washington believed that an audacious act was required to restore confidence and help boost enlistments. Meeting with his officers, he proposed a surprise attack on the Hessian garrison at Trenton for December 26. This decision was informed by a wealth of intelligence provided by spy John Honeyman, who had been posing as a Loyalist in Trenton. For the operation, he intended to cross the river with 2,400 men and march south against the town. This main body was to be supported by Brigadier General James Ewing and 700 Pennsylvania militia, which were to cross at Trenton and seize the bridge over Assunpink Creek to prevent enemy troops from escaping. In addition to the strikes against Trenton, Brigadier General John Cadwalader and 1,900 men were to make a diversionary attack on Bordentown, NJ. If the overall operation proved a success, Washington hoped to make similar attacks against Princeton and New Brunswick. At Trenton, the Hessian garrison of 1,500 men was commanded by Colonel Johann Rall. Having arrived at the town on December 14, Rall had rejected his officers advice to build fortifications. Instead, he believed that his three regiments would be able to defeat any attack in open combat. Though he publicly dismissed intelligence reports that the Americans were planning an attack, Rall did request reinforcements and asked that a garrison be established at Maidenhead (Lawrenceville) to protect the approaches to Trenton. Crossing the Delaware Combating rain, sleet, and snow, Washingtons army reached the river at McKonkeys Ferry on the evening of December 25. Behind schedule, they were ferried across by Colonel John Glovers Marblehead regiment using Durham boats for the men and larger barges for the horses and artillery. Crossing with Brigadier General Adam Stephens brigade, Washington was among the first to reach the New Jersey shore. Here a perimeter was established around the bridgehead to protect the landing site. Having completed the crossing around 3 a.m., they began their march south toward Trenton. Unknown to Washington, Ewing was unable to make the crossing due to the weather and heavy ice on  the river. In addition, Cadwalader had succeeded in moving his men across the water but returned to Pennsylvania when he was unable to move his artillery. A Swift Victory Sending out advance parties, the army moved south together until reaching Birmingham. Here Major General Nathanael Greenes division turned inland to attack Trenton from the north while Sullivans division moved along the river road to strike from the west and south. Both columns approached the outskirts of Trenton shortly before 8 a.m.  on December 26. Driving in the Hessian pickets, Greenes men opened the attack and drew enemy troops north from the river road. While Greenes men blocked the escape routes to Princeton, Colonel Henry Knoxs artillery deployed at the heads of King and Queen Streets.  As the fighting continued, Greenes division began to push the Hessians into the town. Taking advantage of the open river road, Sullivans men entered Trenton from the west and south and sealed off the bridge over Assunpink Creek. As the Americans attacked, Rall attempted to rally his regiments. This saw the Rall and Lossberg regiments form on lower King Street while the Knyphausen regiment occupied Lower Queen Street. Sending his regiment up King, Rall directed the Lossberg Regiment to advance up Queen toward the enemy. On King Street, the Hessian attack was defeated by Knoxs guns and heavy fire from Brigadier General Hugh Mercers brigade. An attempt to bring two three-pounder cannon into action quickly saw half the Hessian gun crews killed or wounded and the guns captured by Washingtons men. A similar fate befell the Lossberg regiment during its assault up Queen Street. Falling back to a field outside of town with the remnants of the Rall and Lossberg regiments, Rall began a counterattack against the American lines. Suffering heavy losses, the Hessians were defeated and their commander fell mortally wounded. Driving the enemy back into a nearby orchard, Washington surrounded the survivors and forced their surrender. The third Hessian formation, the Knyphausen regiment, attempted to escape over the Assunpink Creek bridge. Finding it blocked by the Americans, they were quickly surrounded by Sullivans men. Following a failed breakout attempt, they surrendered shortly after their compatriots. Though Washington wished to immediately follow up the victory with an attack on Princeton, he elected to withdraw back across the river after learning that Cadwalader and Ewing had failed to make the crossing. Aftermath In the operation against Trenton, Washingtons losses were  four men killed and eight wounded, while the Hessians suffered 22 killed and 918 captured. Around 500 of Ralls command were able to escape during the fighting. Though a minor engagement relative to the size of the forces involved, the victory at Trenton had a massive effect on the colonial war effort. Instilling a new confidence in the army and the Continental Congress, the triumph at Trenton bolstered public morale and increased enlistments. Stunned by the American victory, Howe ordered Cornwallis to advance on Washington with around 8,000 men. Re-crossing the river on December 30, Washington united his command and prepared to face the advancing enemy. The resulting campaign saw the armies square off at Assunpink Creek before culminating with an American triumph at the Battle of Princeton on January 3, 1777. Flush with victory, Washington wished to continue attacking up the chain of British outposts in New Jersey. After assessing his tired armys condition, Washington instead decided to move north and enter winter quarters at Morristown.

Hawker Typhoon in World War II

Hawker Typhoon in World War II A troubled aircraft in its early days, the Hawker Typhoon became a critical part of the Allied air forces as World War II (1939-1945) progressed. Initially envisioned as mid- to high-altitude interceptor, early Typhoons suffered from a variety of performance issues that could not be rectified to allow it to achieve success in this role. Initially introduced as a high-speed, low-altitude interceptor in 1941, the following year the type began transitioning to ground-attack missions. Highly successful in this role, the Typhoon played a critical part in the Allied advance across Western Europe. Background In early 1937, as his previous design, the Hawker Hurricane was entering production, Sydney Camm commenced work on its successor. The chief designer at Hawker Aircraft, Camm based his new fighter around the Napier Sabre engine which was capable of around 2,200 hp. A year later, his efforts found a demand when the Air Ministry issued Specification F.18/37 which called for a fighter designed around either the Sabre or the Rolls-Royce Vulture. Concerned about the reliability of the new Sabre engine, Camm created two designs, the N and R which centered on the Napier and Rolls-Royce power plants respectively. The Napier-powered design later received the name Typhoon while the Rolls-Royce-powered aircraft was dubbed Tornado. Though the Tornado design flew first, its performance proved disappointing and the project was later cancelled. Design To accommodate Napier Sabre, the Typhoon design featured a distinctive chin-mounted radiator. Camms initial design utilized unusually thick wings which created a stable gun platform and allowed for ample fuel capacity. In constructing the fuselage, Hawker employed a mix of techniques including duralumin and steel tubes forward and a flush-riveted, semi-monocoque structure aft. The aircrafts initial armament consisted of twelve .30 cal. machine guns (Typhoon IA) but was later switched to four, belt-fed 20 mm Hispano Mk II cannon (Typhoon IB). Work on the new fighter continued after the beginning of World War II in September 1939. On February 24, 1940, the first Typhoon prototype took to skies with test pilot Philip Lucas at the controls. Development Problems Testing continued until May 9 when the prototype suffered an in-flight structural failure where the forward and rear fuselage met. Despite this, Lucas successfully landed the aircraft in a feat that later earned him the George Medal. Six days later, the Typhoon program suffered a setback when Lord Beaverbrook, Minister of Aircraft Production, proclaimed that wartime production should focus on the Hurricane, Supermarine Spitfire, Armstrong-Whitworth Whitley, Bristol Blenheim, and Vickers Wellington. Due to the delays imposed by this decision, a second Typhoon prototype did not fly until May 3, 1941. In flight testing, the Typhoon failed to live up to Hawkers expectations. Imagined as a mid- to high-altitude interceptor, its performance fell off quickly above 20,000 feet and Napier Sabre continued to prove unreliable. Hawker Typhoon - Specifications General Length: 31 ft., 11.5 in.Wingspan: 41 ft., 7 in.Height: 15 ft., 4 in.Wing Area: 279 sq. ft.Empty Weight: 8,840 lbs.Loaded Weight: 11,400 lbs.Maximum Takeoff Weight: 13,250 lbs.Crew: 1 Performance Maximum Speed: 412 mphRange: 510 milesRate of Climb: 2,740 ft./min.Service Ceiling: 35,200 ft.Power Plant: Napier Sabre IIA, IIB or IIC liquid-cooled H-24 piston engine each​ Armament 4 Ãâ€" 20 mm Hispano M2 cannon8 Ãâ€" RP-3 unguided air-to-ground rockets2 Ãâ€" 500 lb. or 2 Ãâ€" 1,000 lb. bombs Problems Continue Despite these problems, the Typhoon was rushed into production that summer following the appearance of the Focke-Wulf Fw 190 which quickly proved superior to the Spitfire Mk.V. As Hawkers plants were operating at near capacity, construction of the Typhoon was delegated to Gloster. Entering service with Nos. 56 and 609 Squadrons that fall, the Typhoon soon mounted a poor track record with several aircraft lost to structural failures and unknown causes. These issues were made worse by the seepage of carbon monoxide fumes into the cockpit. With the aircrafts future again under threat, Hawker spent much of 1942 working to improve the aircraft. Testing found that a problematic joint could lead to the Typhoons tail tearing away during flight. This was fixed by reinforcing the area with steel plates. In addition, as the Typhoons profile was similar to the Fw 190, it was the victim of several friendly fire incidents. To rectify this, the type was painted with high visibility black and white stripes under the wings. Early Combat In combat, the Typhoon proved effective in countering the Fw 190 particularly at lower altitudes. As a result, the Royal Air Force began mounting standing patrols of Typhoons along the southern coast of Britain. While many remained skeptical of the Typhoon, some, such as Squadron Leader Roland Beamont, recognized its merits and championed the type due to its speed and toughness. After testing at Boscombe Down in mid-1942, the Typhoon was cleared to carry two 500 lb. bombs. Subsequent experiments saw this doubled to two 1,000 lb. bombs a year later. As result, bomb-equipped Typhoons began reaching frontline squadrons in September 1942. Nicknamed Bombphoons, these aircraft began striking targets across the English Channel. An Unexpected Role Excelling in this role, the Typhoon soon saw the mounting of additional armor around the engine and cockpit as well as the installation of drop tanks to allow it to penetrate further into enemy territory. As operational squadrons honed their ground attack skills during 1943, efforts were made to incorporate RP3 rockets into the aircrafts arsenal. These proved successful and in September the first rocket-equipped Typhoons appeared. Capable of carrying eight RP3 rockets, this type of Typhoon soon became the backbone of the RAFs Second Tactical Air Force. Though the aircraft could switch between rockets and bombs, squadrons were typically specialized in one or the other to simplify supply lines. In early 1944, Typhoon squadrons commenced attacks against German communications and transportation targets in northwest Europe as a precursor to the Allied invasion. Ground Attack As the new Hawker Tempest fighter arrived on scene, the Typhoon was largely transitioned to the ground attack role. With the landing of Allied troops in Normandy on June 6, Typhoon squadrons began providing close support. RAF forward air controllers traveled with the ground forces and were able to call in Typhoon air support from squadrons loitering in the area. Striking with bombs, rockets, and cannon fire, Typhoon attacks had a debilitating effect on enemy morale. Playing a key role in the Normandy Campaign, the Supreme Allied Commander, General Dwight D. Eisenhower, later singled out the contributions the Typhoon made to the Allied victory. Shifting to bases in France, the Typhoon continued to provide support as Allied forces raced east. Later Service In December 1944, Typhoons helped turn the tide during the Battle of Bulge and mounted countless raids against German armored forces. As spring 1945 began, the aircraft provided support during Operation Varsity as Allied airborne forces landing east of the Rhine. In the wars final days, Typhoons sank the merchant vessels Cap Arcona, Thielbeck, and Deutschland in the Baltic Sea. Unknown to the RAF, Cap Arcona carried around 5,000 prisoners taken from German concentration camps. With the end of the war, the Typhoon was quickly retired from service with the RAF. During the course of its career, 3,317 Typhoons were built.

Database Management System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Database Management System - Essay Example It is essential or the organization to develop an effective database system. Database is defines as a system, used to record and maintains data. The most important point to understand database is that database contains data and not necessarily information. The database is a collection of interrelated data, which can be used by one or more applications that it can be integrated and is stored in a shared and organized way so that it has a controlled redundancy, consistency and integrity with a provision of data independence. The database is used to store and process data for providing useful organization. The database must have the following basic objectives i.e., centrally controlled which facilitates data can be stored, processed, modified or accessed in a organized way. Database must be organized in such a way that the redundancy and inconsistency can be avoided as much as possible. Database must be centrally controlled so that its integrity, security and privacy can be maintained d atabase must be logically organized, integrated, designed to multi used application and provision for data independence whether physical or logical. So a database system is a system, which defines, interprets, manipulates and maintains a collection of database, which is entirely separate in structure. Database management system (DBMS) is the major component of the database system. The DBMS is the foundation of almost every modern business information system. Database management system is defined as a system so software that organizes and maintains the data in a database for providing the information. A DBMS is a very complex piece of system software. A single DBMS can manage multiple databases each one usually consisting of many different tables full of data. The DBMS includes mechanism for application programs to store, retrieve and modify this data and also allows people to query it interactivity to answer specific questions. DBMS can be divided into four major components i.e. Database, Database administrator (DBA), Database users and database programs specialists known as DBA's control the operation of the DBMS and are respon sible for the creation of new data bases and the definition of the table structures used to store data. One of the most important features of the DBMS is its ability to shield the people and programs using the data from the details of its physical storage. Because all access to stored data is mediated through the DBMS, a database can be restructured or moved to a different computer without disrupting the programs written to use it. The DBMS polices access to the stored data, giving access only to tables and records for which a given user has been authorized. The DBMS evolved from a more humble class of programs known as file management systems, created within the unglamorous world of corporate data processing to simplify the creation of programs for routine administration. The database management system conflated the managerial concept of the database with the specific technology of the file management system. In practice, the DBMS worked well as technical system to aid application programmers but disappointed as a managerial panacea (Haigh, 2006). The corporate database has originally been conceived as a repository of all-important managerial information; actual DBMS technology supported only the kind of highly structured regular records with which earlier file management s

The acquisition of knowledge is often a painful experience and through Essay

The acquisition of knowledge is often a painful experience and through suffering, one can achieve various degrees of wisdom. In - Essay Example † (1.1.51) instead of saying, â€Å"Which of you shall doth loves us most?† shows his first act of foolishness, giving more importance to showing off and displaying yourself in public rather than real love. On the other hand, Morrie Schwartz in Tuesdays with Morrie believes otherwise, saying, in page 127, â€Å"If you're trying to show off for people at the top, forget it. They will look down on you anyhow. And if you're trying to show off for people at the bottom, forget it. They will only envy you. Status will get you nowhere. Only an open heart will allow you to float equally between everyone." With this, it already clearly shows the opposing values and beliefs of the two main characters. While the two daughters cleverly flatter their father to acquire more land in King Lear, Cordelia, in contrast remains honest and refuses to participate in the test of public display of love. Out of rage, Lear disowns Cordelia, saying, â€Å"Here I disclaim all my paternal care/Pro pinquity and property of blood,/And as a stranger to my heart and me/Hold thee, from this, forever.† (1.1.113-116) On the contrary, in Tuesdays with Morrie, Morrie, who is a retired professor dying from Lou Gehrig’s disease or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), does not get carried away with his emotions and feelings. Even when he is in great pain, knowing he has a few more months to live, does not give in to the rage and great pain that he must be feeling, but instead, makes the best out of what he has left. In the 10th page of the book, he says, â€Å"Do I wither up and disappear, or do I make the best of my time left?† In King Lear, after the king’s sudden decisions about the division of the land and the banishment of Cordelia, Kent pleads with the king, telling him that he has gone mad in impulsively making those verdicts. Lear remains stubborn, and becomes angry again, saying, â€Å"Come not between the dragon and his wrath.† (1.1.128) and in line 166 shouts, â€Å"Out of my sight!†, banishing Kent. In Tuesdays with Morrie, however, Morrie, handles his emotions differently. On page 21, he explains, â€Å"There are some mornings when I cry and cry and mourn for myself. Some mornings, I’m so angry and bitter. But it doesn’t last too long. Then I get up and say, ‘I want to live . . .’† Later on, in King Lear, after the king banishes Cordelia and Kent, he, once again, becomes angry and through his impetuous anger, curses Goneril, the first daughter. Appealing to Regan, the second daughter, he is rejected by her. Through troubles and rejection made by his early hasty decisions, he finally gains wisdom and realizes the real characters of Goneril and Regan, and in vain, curses and cries out in grief, â€Å"I have full cause of weeping; but this heart/Shall break into a hundred thousand flaws,/Or ere I'll weep. O fool, I shall go mad!† (2.4.311-313) However, in Tuesdays with Morri e, although Morrie also gains more wisdom and understanding about life when he experienced pain and unhappiness in his past, this was not caused by his thoughtless decisions and giving into his emotions. When he learned about his fatal sickness, instead of screaming and crying out loud, instead on page 10, Albom writes, â€Å"Instead, he would make death his final project, the center point of

The Death of My Best Friend Essay -- friendship essay, my best friend

I remember an old saying my mother used to tell me, â€Å"Never say never†. Is this true? I would have never expected this to be true till something happened to me that changed my life till this very day. Growing up I was oddly very cold hearted. I guess I was never the gurly girl always crying after a finger nail broke or the kind of person that wore her heart on her sleeve. I would always keep things to myself and let it be the day someone saw me cry. Most people just thought I wasn’t human. Crying wasn’t something I was used to but I didn’t know one instance would make me shed oceans. I guess I was the only dry eyes at every funeral I ever attended. My uncle’s funeral, my grandfather’s funeral, pretty much everyone’s funeral, I would just sit in the back and pray for it to be over. Everyone had so much grief that to a certain point I felt jealous I couldn’t feel such raw emotion. I think I should be put in Ripley’s World Record for attending the most funerals in a lifetime yet not shedding a single tear. It was like I was a regular customer at funerals. Everyone around me was dying and crying and it didn’t phase me one bit. I remember attending every single funeral with my best friend. We were so close she was peanut and I was jelly. She would always cry and sympathize for everyone. If I ever told her about a death she would always cry in my arms didn’t matter if she knew them or not. I was always there for her and she was always there for me. At the funerals we attended she would joke after sobbing for hours that m aybe I should go to the bathroom and pour water going down my eyes. She used to always make me laugh. I remember specifically in my grandfathers funeral she told me, â€Å"Johanna would you cry if I died?† I said â€Å"Hell no u... ...lieve she would wake up and still be with us. I’ve never cried for anyone or ever in my life and it was a shock to me. She meant the world to me and I guess you never know what you have till it’s gone. I still shed tears for her and I don’t think I’ll ever stop doing so. I never knew id cry so much for someone else or feel like my world was ending. I never expected that would happen to me, my best friend committing suicide without any notice. I never expected to react the way I did on that day. I used to be so cold hearted and emotionless and not a care in the world. After my best friend passed away, it opened a door of emotion I never thought I had. Now it’s so easy for me to sympathize with people who have lost loved ones and to console them through their grief. Katherine Peralta is the reason why I shed tears every night when I fall asleep.

Human Growth & Development Essay

The environment plays a crucial role in development from the newborn to the adolescence. The environmental view according to Sameroff is that a person’s IQ is largely influenced by culture and the surroundings in which the person is raised. Poor diet and lifestyle for example, taking alcohol during pregnancy can result in brain damage and hence low IQ in a child. Some research has shown that people from some social background tend to have low IQ e. g. blacks due to varied factors including stimulation and diet. Their research also found out that when children are exposed to extreme stress such as domestic violence, their neurocognitive development is affected and thus lower intelligence. In this case when children are stressed their brains are harmed drastically. It is documented that babies require a lot of fat in the first 12 months of life to build stronger and healthy brains. Stimulated children score on IQ tests than the unstimulated. This implies that need adult attention and play to do better on IQ tests. In this case inventories such as computer will be a lot helpful. Moreover, some music can improve a child’s IQ, for example the Mozart. However, it is possible that children with low levels of personal resources can reach the same level of achievement like that of the ones from highly advantaged social cadre. According to Caldwell and Bradley (1984), the HOME inventory is an index that depicts the quantity and quality of cognitive and emotional stimulation in the home environment. On visiting my neighbor’s home, I found that there were three children ranging from age 6-12. They were actively involved in computer games. Their parents occasionally joined them in playing the games. It was clear that there was mutual understanding between the family members. On rating the intellectual environment I gave a â€Å"high†. Work Cited 1. Caldwell, Bradley. â€Å"HOME inventory† New York: John Wiley. 1984:79 2. Sameroff AJ, Seifer R, Zax M. † Early development of children at risk for emotional disorder†. Child Dev. 1982;47. Serial no. 199 3. Sameroff AJ, Seifer R, Baldwin A, Baldwin C. â€Å"Stability of intelligence from preschool to adolescence: the influence of social and family risk factors†. Child Dev. 1993; 64:80-97

Hernan Cortes and His Captains

Conquistador Hernan Cortes had the perfect combination of bravery, ruthlessness, arrogance, greed, religious fervor, and insubordination to be the man who conquered the Aztec Empire. His audacious expedition stunned Europe and Mesoamerica. He did not do it alone, however. Cortes had a small army of dedicated conquistadors, important alliances with native cultures who hated the Aztecs, and a handful of dedicated captains who carried out his orders. Cortes captains were ambitious, ruthless men who had the right blend of cruelty and loyalty, and Cortes would not have succeeded without them. Who were Cortes top captains? Pedro de Alvarado, the Hotheaded Sun God With blond hair, fair skin, and blue eyes, Pedro de Alvarado was a marvel to behold for the natives of the New World. They had never seen anyone quite like him, and they nicknamed him Tonatiuh, which was the name of the Aztec sun god. It was a fitting nickname, as Alvarado had a fiery temper. Alvarado was part of the Juan de Grijalva expedition to scout the Gulf Coast in 1518 and had repeatedly pressured Grijalva to conquer native towns. Later in 1518, Alvarado joined the Cortes expedition and soon became Cortes most important lieutenant. In 1520, Cortes left Alvarado in charge in Tenochtitlan while he went to deal with an expedition led by Panfilo de Narvaez. Alvarado, sensing an attack on the Spanish by the inhabitants of the city, ordered a massacre at the Festival of Toxcatl. This so infuriated the locals that the Spanish were forced to flee the city a little more than a month later. It took Cortes a while to trust Alvarado again after that, but Tonatiuh was soon back in his commanders good graces and led one of the three causeway assaults in the siege of Tenochtitlan. Later, Cortes sent Alvarado to Guatemala. Here, he conquered the descendants of the Maya who lived there. Gonzalo de Sandoval, Cortes Right-Hand Man Gonzalo de Sandoval was barely 20 years old and without military experience when he signed on with the Cortes expedition in 1518. He soon showed great skill at arms, loyalty, and the ability to lead men, and Cortes promoted him. By the time the Spanish were masters of Tenochtitlan, Sandoval had replaced Alvarado as Cortes right-hand man. Time and again, Cortes trusted the most important assignments to Sandoval, who never let his commander down. Sandoval led the retreat on the Night of Sorrows, conducted several campaigns before the reconquest of Tenochtitlan, and led a division of men against the longest causeway when Cortes lay siege to the city in 1521. Sandoval accompanied Cortes on his disastrous 1524 expedition to Honduras. He died at the age of 31 of illness while in Spain.   Cristobal de Olid, the Warrior When supervised, Cristobal de Olid was one of Cortes more reliable captains. He was personally very brave and fond of being right in the thick of the fighting. During the Siege of Tenochtitlan, Olid was given the important job of assaulting the Coyoacà ¡n causeway, which he did admirably. After the fall of the Aztec Empire, Cortes began to worry that other conquistador expeditions would poach land along the southern frontiers of the former empire. He sent Olid by ship to Honduras with orders to pacify it and establish a town. Olid switched loyalties, however, and accepted the sponsorship of Diego de Velazquez, Governor of Cuba. When Cortes heard of this betrayal, he sent his kinsman Francisco de las Casas to arrest Olid. Instead, Olid defeated and imprisoned Las Casas. However, Las Casas escaped and killed Olid sometime in late 1524 or early 1525.   Alonso de Avila Like Alvarado and Olid, Alonso de Avila had served on Juan de Grijalvas mission of exploration along the gulf coast in 1518. Avila had the reputation of being a man who could fight and lead men, but who had a habit of speaking his mind. By most reports, Cores disliked Avila personally, but trusted his honesty. Although Avila could fight (he fought with distinction in the Tlaxcalan campaign and the Battle of Otumba), Cortes preferred to have Avila serve as an accountant and entrusted him with much of the gold discovered on the expedition. In 1521, before the final assault on Tenochtitlan, Cortes sent Avila to Hispaniola to defend his interests there. Later, once Tenochtitlan had fallen, Cortes entrusted Avila with the Royal Fifth. This was a 20 percent tax on all gold the conquistadors had discovered. Unfortunately for Avila, his ship was taken by French pirates, who stole the gold and put Avila in prison. Eventually released, Avila returned to Mexico and took part in the conquest of the Yucatan. Other Captains Avila, Olid, Sandoval, and Alvarado were Cortes most trusted lieutenants, but other men held positions of importance in Cortes conquest. Gerà ³nimo de Aguilar: Aguilar was a Spaniard marooned in Maya lands on an earlier expedition and rescued by Cortes men in 1518. His ability to speak some Maya language, coupled with the slave girl Malinches ability to speak Nahuatl and Maya, gave Cortes an effective way to communicate with Montezumas emissaries.Bernal Diaz del Castillo: Bernal Diaz was a footsoldier who participated in the Hernandez and Grijalva expeditions before signing on with Cortes. He was a loyal, dependable soldier, and had risen to positions of minor rank by the end of the conquest. He is far better remembered for his memoir The True History of the Conquest of New Spain, which he wrote decades after the conquest. This remarkable book is by far the best source about the Cortes expedition.Diego de Ordaz: A veteran of the conquest of Cuba, Diego de Ordaz was loyal to Diego de Velazquez, governor of Cuba, and even at one point attempted to subvert Cortes command. Cortes won him over, however, and Ordaz became a n important captain. Cortes even entrusted him to lead a division in the fight against Panfilo de Narvaez at the Battle of Cempoala. He was eventually honored with a knightship in Spain for his efforts during the conquest.Alonso Hernandez Portocarrero: Like Cortes, Alonso Hernandez Portocarrero was a native of Medellin. This connection served him well, as Cortes tended to favor people from his hometown. Hernandez was an early confidant of Cortes, and the slave girl Malinche was originally given to him (although Cortes took her back when he learned how useful she could be). Early in the conquest, Cortes entrusted Hernandez to return to Spain, pass along some treasures to the king, and look after his interests there. He served Cortes admirably, but made enemies of his own. He was arrested and died in prison in Spain.Martin Lopez: Martin Lopez was no soldier, but rather Cortes best engineer. Lopez was a shipwright who designed and built the brigantines, which played a crucial role in t he siege of Tenochtitlan.Juan Velazquez de Leà ³n: A kinsman of Governor Diego Velazquez of Cuba, Velà ¡zquez de Leons loyalty to Cortes was originally dubious, and he joined a conspiracy to oust Cortes early in the campaign. Cortes eventually forgave him, however. Velazquez de Leon became an important commander, seeing action against the Panfilo de Narvaez expedition in 1520. He died during the Night of Sorrows.  Ã‚   Sources Castillo, Bernal Diaz Del. The Conquest of New Spain. Penguin Classics, John M. Cohen (Translator, Introduction), Paperback, Penguin Books, August 30, 1963. Castillo, Bernal Diaz Del. The True History of The Conquest of New Spain. Hackett Classics, Janet Burke (Translator), Ted Humphrey (Translator), UK ed. Edition, Hackett Publishing Company, Inc., March 15, 2012. Levy, Buddy. Conquistador: Hernan Cortes, King Montezuma and the Last Stand of the Aztecs. Hardcover, 1st edition, Bantam, June 24, 2008. Thomas, Hugh. Conquest: Montezuma, Cortes and the Fall of Old Mexico. Paperback, Reprint edition, Simon Schuster, April 7, 1995.